How to update webalizer.


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Some times , weblizer doesn’t update automatically. You  have to update manually update it. Follow the below steps to update manually update webalizer.

=============================================================
/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/english/webalizer  -N  10  -D
/home/username/tmp/webalizer/dns_cache.db -R 250 -p -n domain.com -o
/home/username/tmp/webalizer
/usr/local/apache/domlogs/domain.com
===============================================================

Replace username and domain name of your hosting account.


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Apache Optimization


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httpd.conf is configuration file of apache server and all important options are stored there. httpd.conf is located at /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf.

vi /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

MaxClients (Total number of concurrent connections.)

It should be set reasonable value because if set high value then there is chance a complete server hang in case of a DOS attack. It can set value as per hardware configuration . If you have 2 GB or RAM set this value to 300.
This should be set to a reasonable value. I suggest using this formula to determine the right value for your server.
MaxClients = 150 x RAM (GB)
If you set low value then it can create timeout problems for your clients if the limit is reached so better set reasonable value.
ServerLimit
This value should be same as MaxClients
ServerLimit = 150 x RAM (GB)
MinSpareServers and MaxSpareServers
MaxSpareServers and MinSpareServers control how many spare (unused) child-processes Apache will keep alive while waiting for more requests to put them to use. Each child-process consumes resources, so having MaxSpareServers set too high can cause resource problems. On the other hand, if the number of unused servers drops below MinSpareServers, Apache will fork (an expensive operation) new child-processes until MinSpareServers is satisfied.
should be set below value
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
If you have more them 2 GB of RAM and you run a resource intensive website consider increasing MaxSpareServers.
MaxRequestsPerChild
It should not be set lower value because  it will put an unnecessary load on the apache server to recreate the child. It controls the number of request the a child serves before the child is killed
I suggest you set below value .

MaxRequestsPerChild 1000 for 1 GB RAM
10,000 for 2 GB and 0 for more than 2 GB RAM

KeepAlive and MaxKeepAliveRequests

KeepAlive provides long-lived HTTP sessions which allow multiple requests to be sent over the same TCP connection. In some cases this has been shown to result in an almost 50% speedup in latency times for HTML documents with many images, but having keepalive on is also a resource intensive setting.
Here comes the big question: To KeepAlive or not to KeepAlive?
Well the opinions are mixed here, some say to KeepAlive some say not to.

KeepAlive off
If you want to hear my option I would say NOT to KeepAlive if you are running a shared hosting business or if you want to get the most out of your hardware. You should KeepAlive only if the loading time of your pages is the most important factor in your business and you have the money to invest in a more powerful hardware. If you decide to KeepAlive I suggest you set MaxKeepAliveRequest low to something like 2 seconds.

StartServers
Sets the number of child server processes created on startup. This setting depends greatly on the type of webserver you run. If you run low traffic websites on that server set it low to something like 5. If you have resource intensive websites on that server you should set it close to MaxClients.

StartServers 5
Timeout
The amount of time Apache will wait for three things: the total amount of time it takes to receive a GET request, The amount of time between receipt of TCP packets on a POST or PUT request, the amount of time between ACKs on transmissions of TCP packets in responses.
The default value is 300. You should set time to something a bit lower. A setting of 150 is probably ok. This will also help in case of small DOS attacks like to ones targeting some phpBB forums. Do NOT set it any lower then 10 as your users will start having timeout problems.
Timeout 150
After you have done all the necessary changes you can go ahead and restart Apache.
There is an extra step that you have to do so that the changes that you done to httpd.conf aren’t lost when a recompile is done.
To also save the changes in the database you will have to run:
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/apache_conf_distiller –update
You can check to see if the changes were accepted and will not be discarded at the next apache recompile by running
/usr/local/cpanel/bin/build_apache_conf

Sample values:
MinSpareServers 5
MaxSpareServers 10
ServerLimit 600
MaxClients 600
MaxRequestsPerChild 0
KeepAlive On
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
KeepAliveTimeout 3

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Directory Index Forbidden Error !!


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If you get below in error in error_log
========================================
[Thu  Sept 13  02:09:32 2012] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Directory index forbidden by Options directive: /home/domainusername/public_html/
[Thu  Sept 13  02:09:32 20129] [error] [client 127.0.0.1] Directory index forbidden by Options directive: /home/domainusername/public_html/
==================================================
Then you need to add below code in .htaccess file.
==================================
DirectoryIndex index.html
or
DirectoryIndex index.php
==================================
and then check your site.


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Fatal error: Class ‘PDO’ not found in …includes/database/database.inc on line 184


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Fatal error: Class ‘PDO’ not found in …includes/database/database.inc on line 184
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
While browsing domain if you get above error then –
Please try to resolved issue with following steps. PDO support had been compiled in, but not enabled .Our server has PHP 5.2.x and 5.3x installed, with PDO support.
Adding
————-
extension=pdo.so extension=pdo_mysql.so
————-
to php.ini solved the problem.
Steps:
1. Create php.ini file
2. Add two lines

————-
extension=pdo.so
extension=pdo_mysql.so

————-
3.Save
4.restart httpd service

That’s it.. 🙂
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

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Clear/Free/Remove Cache memory from Linux Server


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Clear/Free/Remove Cache memory from Linux Server
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Please use belwo command to clear Cache memory from Linux Server
free -m
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
=======
eg :
BEFORE :
root@lnx [~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 12001 11614 386 0 2026 6996
-/+ buffers/cache: 2592 9409
Swap: 1907 0 1907
root@lnx [~]# echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
AFTER :
root@lnx [~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 12001 2796 9205 0 5 390
-/+ buffers/cache: 2401 9600
Swap: 1907 0 1907
=========

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Understanding DDOS Attack !!!


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What is DDos Attack ?

Compromised PCs, or “bots,” are formed into groups called “botnets” and are used as weapons by cyber-attackers to launch various forms of cyber attacks. These attacks range widely from DDoS to identity theft and clandestine intelligence gathering operations.
During Distributed Denial of Service attempts, attackers launch attacks using different techniques including HTTP, HTTPS, ICMP, SYN Floods, UDP Floods, DNS Request Floods, GET Floods, and others. The attack components are often used in combination, and range in size from a few hundred megabits per second (Mbps) to over 80 gigabits per second (Gbps). Increasingly sophisticated attacks are based around application requests at Layer-7.
Normally, DDOS consists of 3 parts . One is the Master ,Other the slave and atlast the victim. The master is the attack launcher ie the person/machine behind all this,sound’s COOL right . The slave is the network which is being compromised by the Master and Victim is the target site/server . Master informs the compromised machines, so called slaves to launch attack on the victim’s site/machine. Hence its also called co-ordinated attack.

How do they Do it ?

DDOS is done in 2 phases. In the first phase they try to compromise weak machines in different networks around the world. This phase is called Intrusion Phase. Its in the next phase that they install DDOS tools and starts attacking the victims machines/site. This Phase is called Distributed DoS attacks phase.

What Allowed them to Do ?

Vulnerable softwares/Applications running on a machine or network.
Open network setup.
Network/ machine setup without taking security into account.
No monitoring or DataAnalysis are being conducted.
No regular Audit / Software upgrades being conducted.
First Identify if you are really under attack. If yes, follow the below steps :
Check if your machines load is high and you have large number of HTTP process running.
To find the load just use the command w or uptime –
Eg:
ashish@localhost>w 12:00:36 up 1 day, 20:27, 5 users, load average: 0.70, 0.70, 0.57
USER XYZ FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
To find if there is large number of HTTP process running use the command ” ps -aux|grep HTTP|wc -l ”
Eg:
[ashish@localhost]# ps -aux|grep HTTP|wc -l
23
In a heavy server , the number of connection will go above 100. But during DDOS attack, the number will go even higher and thats when we need to find out from which all networks are these attacks coming. In DDOS the host machine doesn’t have much importance. Its the network which is of importance here because, an attacker will use any machine on the compromised network or even will use all the machines in the network. Hence network address is of importance while fighting with the attack.
However, there are some actions you can take to protect yourself. Here’s some basic advice:
Ensure that you have adequate bandwidth on your Internet connection. You’ll be able to foil many low-scale DDoS attacks by simply having enough bandwidth (and processing power) to service the requests.
Deploy an intrusion prevention system on your network. Some (but definitely not all) DDoS attacks have recognizable signatures that an IPS can detect and use to prevent the requests from reaching the Web server.
Use a DDoS prevention appliance, including any of the Cisco Systems Inc. Cisco Guard products, that is specifically designed to identify and thwart distributed denial-of-service attacks.
Maintain a backup Internet connection with a separate pool of IP addresses for critical users. While you won’t be able to switch all access to your website over to a backup connection (the attacks will switch at the same time!), you can provide critical users with an alternate path to your site if the primary circuit is swamped with bogus requests.
These tips should get you started on the road toward building a hardy Web infrastructure with the highest probability of surviving a DDoS attack. Good luck!

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Hidden Facebook Smileys Emotions codes… Only 4 my Loving Frndzz…


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Hidden Smileys and Emoticons:

Facebook emoticon smileyemote for a smile!

Really happy emote: 😀 or 😀

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for wink!
Wink emote: 😉 or 😉


Facebook chat smiley for happy eyes!
Happy eyes: ^_^

Facebook chat emote smiley for laughing eyes!
Laughing eyes: >:o

Facebook chat emote smiley for cat smile!
Cat smile: :3

Facebook chat emote smiley for grumpy!
Grumpy: >:-(

Facebook chat emoticon smiley for sad face!
Sad: 🙁 or 🙁

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for crying!
Crying emoticon: :’(

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for shocked!
Shocked emoticon: 😮 or 😮

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for cool!
Glasses emoticon: 8) or 😎

Facebook chat emote smiley for cool!
Cool shades: 8-|

Facebook chat emoticon smiley for tongue out!
Rude: :p or :-p

Facebook chat emote smiley for WHAT?!
WHAT?!: O.o

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for ummmm!
Dork emote: -_-

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for not amused!
Duhhh emote: :/ or :\

Facebook chat emote smiley for Devil!
Devil emote: 3:)

Facebook chat emote smiley for angel!
Angel emote: O:)

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for a kiss!
Kiss emote: :-* or :*

Facebook emoticon smiley emote for a love heart!
Love emote: <3

Facebook chat emote smiley for Pacman!
Pacman: :v

Facebook chat emote smiley for robot!
Robot: :|]

Facebook chat emote smiley for Putnam's face
Putnam’s face: :putnam:



Penguin
<(")

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Shut Down system by double Clicking on Internet Explorer !!!


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Double click on Internet explorer to Restart the Computer:

1) Goto Desktop
2) Right click > new > Shortcut
3) In “Type the Location of the item” > write: “C:\WINDOWS\system32\shutdown.exe -r -t 00″ without coutes.
4) Click next and in “Type a name for this shortcut” write ” Internet Explorer” and click Finish.
5) Now Right Click on the shortcut of Internet Explorer and goto “Change Icon” and select the icon of Internet Explorer.

6) Now Virus is Ready….. check it out.. when you will double click on Internet Explorer Shortcut… Computer will Restart.

7) This is just  a Prank… don’t Misuse it..

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How to make a folder with name “con” ?


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“CON” is the system keyword and you can’t create it using normal method. Just try cmd .

Folder with Name “con”

Goto command Prompt,

Goto the location where you want to make the folder with name “con”.

write the command: mkdir \\.\e:\con

To remove the folder again: rmdir \\.\e:\con

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How to Reset the Ubuntu Password….


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Reset Your Ubuntu Password

Reboot your computer, and then as soon as you see the GRUB Loading screen, make sure to hit the ESC key so that you can get to the menu.

Root Shell – Easy Method

If you have the option, you can choose the “recovery mode” item on the menu, usually found right below your default kernel option.

Then choose “Drop to root shell prompt” from this menu.

This should give you a root shell prompt.

Alternate Root Shell Method

If you don’t have the recovery mode option, this is the alternate way to manually edit the grub options to allow for a root shell.

First you’ll want to make sure to choose the regular boot kernel that you use (typically just the default one), and then use the “e” key to choose to edit that boot option.

Now just hit the down arrow key over to the “kernel” option, and then use the “e” key to switch to edit mode for the kernel option.

You’ll first be presented with a screen where you can find this written “ro single”

You’ll want to remove the “ro single” part with the backspace key, and then add this onto the end:

rw init=/bin/bash

Once you hit enter after adjusting the kernel line, you’ll need to use the B key to choose to boot with that option.

At this point the system should boot up very quickly to a command prompt.

Changing the Actual Password

You can use the following command to reset your password:

passwd

After changing your password, use the following commands to reboot your system. (The sync command makes sure to write out data to the disk before rebooting)

sync

reboot –f

I found that the –f parameter was necessary to get the reboot command to work for some reason. You could always hardware reset instead, but make sure to use the sync command first.

And now you should be able to login without any issues.

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